Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have unveiled a promising new approach to repairing spinal fractures using stem cells derived from body fat. In animal trials, this innovative method successfully healed spinal injuries in rats that mimic osteoporosis-related fractures in humans. Since these fat-derived cells are easy to harvest—even from older adults—and place minimal strain on the body, the therapy could offer a gentle, non-invasive alternative for treating bone diseases.
Osteoporosis weakens bones, making them brittle and more prone to fractures. With Japan’s aging population, the number of affected individuals is expected to exceed 15 million. Among the fractures linked to osteoporosis, spinal compression fractures—also known as osteoporotic vertebral fractures—are the most common, often leading to chronic pain and disability. This underscores the urgent need for safer and more effective treatment options.
How Fat-Derived Stem Cells Rebuild Bone
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) possess the ability to transform into various tissue types, including bone. When cultivated into 3D spherical clusters called spheroids, their capacity to promote tissue repair is greatly enhanced. Pre-differentiating these spheroids toward bone-forming cells further boosts their regenerative potential.
Under the leadership of Yuta Sawada and Dr. Shinji Takahashi from the Graduate School of Medicine, the Osaka team combined bone-differentiated ADSC spheroids with β-tricalcium phosphate, a commonly used bone reconstruction material. When applied to rats with spinal fractures, the treatment led to marked improvements in bone healing and strength.
The study also revealed heightened activity in genes linked to bone formation and regeneration, suggesting that the therapy activates the body’s natural healing mechanisms.
The findings were published in Bone & Joint Research.