The Supreme Court has ruled that menstrual health is an integral component of the fundamental right to life and dignity under Article 21 of the Constitution, issuing wide-ranging directives aimed at transforming menstrual hygiene access in schools across India.
In a landmark judgment, a bench comprising Justices J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan directed all states and Union Territories to ensure that every school—government, aided, or privately managed—provides free oxo-biodegradable sanitary napkins to girl students. The court mandated that the products be easily accessible, with a preference for installation through vending machines in or near school toilets.
Beyond access to sanitary products, the court ordered the provision of separate, fully functional gender-segregated toilets in all schools. These facilities must be equipped with running water, soap, and infrastructure that ensures hygiene, privacy, and dignity. The directions also emphasised accessibility for students with disabilities.
The ruling further requires schools to establish dedicated Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) corners stocked with emergency sanitary supplies and hygiene essentials. Institutions must also put in place safe and environmentally compliant disposal systems in accordance with solid waste management norms.
To address awareness and stigma, the court directed authorities to implement training and sensitisation programmes, including the integration of menstrual health education into school curricula. Teachers and staff are to be equipped to support students effectively and sensitively.
The Centre and state governments have been tasked with monitoring implementation within specified timelines. The judgment is being viewed as a significant step toward advancing gender justice, safeguarding dignity, and promoting educational equality for girls nationwide.
The decision arose from a public interest litigation seeking uniform implementation of menstrual hygiene policies and guaranteed access to menstrual health resources for school-going girls across the country.
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